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`!Knowledge Engineering Environment`! (`!KEE`!) is a `F33f`_`[frame-based`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Frame_language]`_`f development tool for `F33f`_`[expert systems`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Expert_system]`_`f.`:cite-ref-1[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-1]`_`f] It was developed and sold by `F33f`_`[IntelliCorp`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=IntelliCorp_(software)]`_`f, and was first released in 1983. It ran on `F33f`_`[Lisp machines`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Lisp_machine]`_`f, and was later ported to Lucid `F33f`_`[Common Lisp`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Common_Lisp]`_`f with the CLX `F33f`_`[library`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Library_(computing)]`_`f, an `F33f`_`[X Window System`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=X_Window_System]`_`f (X11) interface for Common Lisp. This version was available on several different UNIX `F33f`_`[workstations`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Workstation]`_`f.

On KEE, several extensions were offered:

• Simkit, a frame-based simulation library`:cite-ref-2[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-2]`_`f]`:cite-ref-3[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-3]`_`f]

• KEEconnection, `F33f`_`[database connection`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Database_connection]`_`f between the frame system and `F33f`_`[relational databases`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Relational_database]`_`f`:cite-ref-4[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-4]`_`f]

In KEE, frames are called `*units`*. Units are used for both individual instances and classes. Frames have `*slots`* and slots have `*facets`*. Facets can describe, for example, a slot's expected values, its working value, or its inheritance rule. Slots can have multiple values. Behavior can be implemented using a `F33f`_`[message passing`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Message_passing]`_`f model.

KEE provides an extensive `F33f`_`[graphical user interface`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Graphical_user_interface]`_`f (GUI) to create, browse, and manipulate frames.

KEE also includes a frame-based `F33f`_`[rule system`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Production_system_(computer_science)]`_`f. In the KEE knowledge base, rules are frames. Both `F33f`_`[forward chaining`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Forward_chaining]`_`f and `F33f`_`[backward chaining`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Backward_chaining]`_`f `F33f`_`[inference`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Inference_engine]`_`f are available.

KEE supports non-monotonic reasoning through the concepts of `*worlds`*. Worlds allow providing alternative slot-values of frames. Through an assumption-based truth or `F33f`_`[reason maintenance`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Reason_maintenance]`_`f system, inconsistencies can be detected and analyzed.`:cite-ref-5[`F5bf`_`[5`#cite-note-5]`_`f]

`*ActiveImages`* allows graphical displays to be attached to slots of Units. Typical examples are buttons, dials, graphs, and histograms. The graphics are also implemented as Units via `*KEEPictures`*, a frame-based graphics library.

>>Contents

• `F0af`_`[See also`#see-also]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[References`#references]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[External links`#external-links]`_`f

-─

>>See also

• `F33f`_`[Expert system`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Expert_system]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Frame language`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Frame_language]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Inference engine`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Inference_engine]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[IntelliCorp (software)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=IntelliCorp_(software)]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Knowledge base`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Knowledge_base]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Knowledge-based system`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Knowledge-based_system]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Knowledge representation`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Knowledge_representation]`_`f

>>References

`:cite-note-1`!1.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-1]`_`f `*An evaluation of expert system development tools`*. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780893914943.

`:cite-note-2`!2.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-2]`_`f `:citerefstelznerdyniscummins1989`aStelzner, M.; Dynis, J.; Cummins, F. (1989). "The SimKit system: knowledge-based simulation and modeling tools in KEE". `*Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation - WSC '89`*. pp. 232–234. `F33f`_`[doi`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Doi_(identifier)]`_`f:10.1145/76738.76766. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 0911801588. `F33f`_`[S2CID`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=S2CID_(identifier)]`_`f 18125370.

`:cite-note-3`!3.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-3]`_`f `*SimKit: a model-building simulation toolkit`*. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780893914943.

`:cite-note-4`!4.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-4]`_`f `*KEEConnection: a bridge between databases and knowledge bases`*. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780893914943.

`:cite-note-5`!5.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-5]`_`f `*Reasoning with worlds and truth maintenance`*. Ablex Publishing Corp. 1989. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780893914943.

>>External links

• An Assessment of Tools for Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems

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